Category: HSC – Composition

A city life has its own glamour which attracts people from underdeveloped areas. Though it always lures the people of all classes for its comforts and for its cultural, economic and commercial facilities, it has some backdrops.

A city life has rich amenities which are necessary for the modern way of life. Transport facilities of modern towns and cities are highly developed. We have trams, buses, motorcars for quick and comfortable transport. It supplies potable water through a network of pipelines and electricity to its residents. There is a sewerage system of drainage of waste water. There is an authority to look to the sanitation. There are hospitals and clinics for proper medical treatment of sick people. There is normally a health centre with qualified doctors to attend to the ailing people. There are good schools and colleges for education. There are educational and possibly vocational institutions with facility for use of library. All kinds of physical comforts are within our easy reach. In the heat of the day we can use the electric fan, cooler, and air-conditioner.

Endowed with a lot of facilities, a city life is not free from disadvantages. Many of the streets are dirty and unpleasant due to noise, smoke and dust. The density of population is quite high in urban areas. A city is normally a commercial centre. Too many people live here and we do not feel easy. The rattling sound of buses, motor cars and other vehicles always disturb us. There are dangers to health in crowded cities. Smoke and dust fill the air. Hence, urban life is unhealthy for want of fresh food and fresh air. In the bigness of the city we lose the common human touch.

Nowadays, rural development programs have been taken up in right earnest, yet the advantages of a modern city are far greater than those of the rural areas. (Words : 313)

In some underdeveloped countries, the population may help in the economic progress of the country by providing cheap and abundant labor. It can also expand market which necessitates effective demand.

In Bangladesh, population is increasing at an alarming rate. It is a great menace to our economic growth. But the birth rate has continued to remain more or less stationary. A high birth-rate accompanied by a low death-rate cannot adjust population to the means of living.

·         In Bangladesh, food supply is inadequate, and one-third of the populations are underfed.

·         The explosive rate of growth of population has also greatly aggravated the unemployment problem in Bangladesh. Unemployment and under-employment in rural and urban areas are a serious headache for the economic planners. Unemployed people do not make any addition to the production. But they have to be fed by the community all the time. The natural resources are not harnessed.

·         One of the far-reaching results of the ever increasing population is that it reduces the saving and investment of the country. The average annual per capita income is very low. The purchasing power of the people is extremely poor. The national income leaves no margin for saving.

·         There is also high proportion of unproductive population. In 1961, 57 percent of the population were unproductive consumers. In 1991, this percentage has gone up to 62.4 percent.

·         The growth of population also affects the standard of living of the people. In Bangladesh, one-third of the people live below the subsistence level.

·         Women in Bangladesh do not participate in the productive activity for a long time due to frequent maternity.

Hence, the growth of population adversely affects the pace of economic progress in Bangladesh. The population pressure worsens the unemployment problems, keeps down the per capita real income and the country’s national income, aggravates the supply of food grains and also militates against capital formation. ( Words : 316)

Traffic jam means a long line of vehicles stranded on the road. It is a common picture in cities and towns of Bangladesh.

There are several causes behind traffic jam. Many drivers are not aware of the rules and regulations of driving and many others are not willing to abide by traffic rules. Vehicles of various velocities ply on the same road and it slows down the movement of vehicles. Reckless driving and illegal parking sometimes cause traffic jam. Besides, our cities do not have spacious and sufficient roads which is another cause of traffic jam.

Traffic jam is a common problem to all the big cities like Dhaka. The problem is acute and very difficult to solve. But I think, it is not impossible to get rid of traffic jam. By adopting some measures, we can easily get rid of traffic jam. The unauthorized infrastructures and vendors on the walkways should be removed so that people can walk freely. The vehicles should not be allowed to park on the roads or stand for a long time. The buses should not be allowed stop here and there except the designated bus stops for the passengers to get in or get down. People should not be allowed to walk on the road, cross the road at any point, any time. They should be forced to use the foot over bridge to cross the road. The traffic rules, signals and systems must be strictly enforced and followed for ensuring a systematic movement of vehicles. Separate lanes should be marked for rickshaws, pushcarts and other non-motorized vehicles. The construction materials like bricks, sand, bamboos and rods should not be kept on the roads. The rubbish, garbage or wastes should be allowed to be dumped on the road. Flyovers, bypasses and underpasses are extremely necessary for a busy city like Dhaka. But unfortunately the number of these utility structures is negligible. So, a large number of flyovers should be constructed at the big crossing points. Bypasses should be constructed to connect two roads, sideway so that the people need not travel a long way for going from one place to another. More underpasses should not be built for the people to cross the roads and they should be kept free from illegal occupation.

If all the above measures are taken, traffic jam will surely be decreased. But above all, our government should have a positive outlook and law enforcing agencies should be strict in performing their duties. (Words : 314)

About half of the people of our country are women. So, our nation cannot achieve success without the participation of women in the activities of the society.

Garments are the most contributing industries in the development of our country. More than 70 percent of our garment workers are women. Women are working in the poultry farms. The participation of women has increased the total production of the country. A good number of our women work as construction workers. Women are taking education and working in different offices nowadays. They are working in offices, in banks, in factories, in schools, colleges and universities, in armed forces, in trade and commerce. They are participating in the administration also. Our ex-prime minister and present prime minister are women, too. Women are working as social workers too. They are contributing to the social development of our country. The role of women in handicraft is also significant for the development of the country. Besides, the bringing up of the children, the management of the family and even the shopping and marketing depend on women. The general attitude of our society towards women has undergone a great change. Earlier women were thought to be fit only in the kitchen and in domestic works. Nowadays, in every respect women are being given priority. In the field of education, medical science, culture, the government takes special care of women. Women are now considered as the assets of our country. The role of women in the development of our country is vast. Still I think the participation of women is not up to the mark. More women should participate as they are the half of our population. We should not impose any social and religious barriers on their onward march. If the country could ensure a better environment for women to work, they would contribute more and more. (Words : 309)

‘Mass education’ means education for the illiterate people of our country. Mass education aims at giving knowledge of letters to the illiterate people, to make them able to read and write. Mass education also makes people aware of their rights and duties and makes them conscious and responsible citizens, to make them able to differentiate between right and wrong.

Mass education is essential to make our farmers aware of modern science and technology. Most of our farmers are not familiar with the latest invention of science and technology in respect of agriculture. If our farmers use scientific method of cultivation, our production will be increased. Mass education is necessary to make our people aware of the control of population explosion. Many of our people especially illiterate people do not know much about the adverse effect of large population. If we cannot make our people aware of the adverse effect of large population, we cannot control the population explosion. If we cannot control our population explosion, there will be no development. Mass education can play an important role for the betterment of women folk. About half of our population is women. Many of our women especially poor village women are not educated. They are not aware of family planning. An uneducated woman easily becomes a victim to oppression, suppression, exploitation and injustices. She silently bears all the humiliations and tortures inflicted upon her. If women are educated, the maltreatment of the women in the family and in the society will be diminished.

There is no deniable question about the necessity of mass education. National information media took extensive programmes in respect of mass education. Present government is also making efforts for it. Yet the mass literacy campaign should be further strengthened. All educated persons should take active part to make the mass people educated. (Words : 303)

Television is one of the wonders of modern science. It is the most up-to-date means of entertainment. It provides both sound and pictures. A German scientist, Paul Nepkov, invented television. Then John L. Baird modernized it.

Television may be used as a medium of spreading education. Bangladesh Open University is telecasting its curricular programmes through television to their distant learners. Bangladesh Institute of Distance Education (BIDE) is also doing wonderful work through television.

Television may play an important role to remove mass illiteracy. People who are not able to go to school can watch them and be educated. Television can also be used for female education. Television programmes have great educative value for children. Extracurricular activities like debating are also shown on TV.

We get various types of information from TV channels. They provide us with round the clock news service and keep us informed of the latest affairs happening around the globe. Several channels like Discovery Channel and the National Geography Channel telecast reports on new discoveries, animal world, weather, agriculture, world heritage etc. Other satellite channels also telecast reports and analysis on trade and commerce, business and industries etc.

The govt. as well as different non-government organizations sponsor programmes on literacy movement, evils of dowry, evils of religious or political extremism etc. Such kind of programmes contribute a lot to educate viewers about various social affairs.

Many TV channels telecast programmes designed to give religious education. Almost all Bangladeshi channels telecast religious programmes for the Muslims, the Hindus and even for the Christians and the Buddhists. The Islamic TV channel is contributing greatly to the moral development of the Muslims around the world. Television is a wonderful device that contributes a lot to educate people. It instructs us in various fields. In fact, almost all the TV programmes directly or indirectly have educative value. (Words : 305)

Education is the formal process of institutional learning for the development of the mind and soul. I support the opinion that education should be made compulsory for the following reasons. The purpose of education is to enlighten the individual and develop his/ her capacity to the limit. It is compared to light while ignorance is compared to darkness. An ignorant person is unable to gain knowledge from something. Education helps us make difference between right and wrong, good and evil, fair and foul etc.

Education makes people familiar with the latest inventions of science and technology. People can use scientific instruments and technology in their activities and be benefitted. Farmers can use modern tools and highly productive seeds for cultivation.

Education is essential for women folk. A good mother can produce a good citizen. In order to have good citizens, female education is a must. No nation can make real progress keeping a full half of its population in the dark. Without the uplift of women, the progress of the nation is not at all possible. Again without education women cannot be elevated. So an all out education should be imparted to the women folk so that they may come forward and work hand in hand with men in all development programmes.

Education is the backbone of a nation. It is the tool of development of individual knowledge and skill. When the people of a country are educated, their skill and knowledge accumulate for the benefit of the country. It is the duty of every government to make education free and compulsory. The poor people do not send their children to school for want of money. So, education should be made compulsory for all men and women of all areas, communities, professions and religions for the balanced development of the nation. (Words : 301)

Coaching centres are a common scenario in our country. The centres or homes where students are given special coaching for their preparation for various examinations are called coaching centres. It is funny that a student goes to the same teacher in coaching centre to learn the subject what the teacher teaches him/ her in college/school. The amount of money that a student is to pay for coaching is usually high. Many poor students are not able to pay the amount. As they do not get proper care in school/college and cannot go to coaching classes they do not perform well in the examination.

There is a tendency among our students to depend on private tutors. They remain inattentive in their classroom and depend on coaching centres for study. They do not try to think to solve any problems themselves. They depend on private tutors for each and every subject. A good number of students depend on suggestions to pass their exam. The school/college teacher gives suggestions in his/ her coaching centre. So, students go to coaching centres for suggestions.

Sometimes coaching centres are seen crowded, over burdened and noisy. Some of the students even do not get a desk to write on. He/She has to keep his/her copy book on one hand to write with the other. The teachers who teach in these coaching centres are efficient, no doubt. If a teacher is efficient in coaching centre, he/she should be so at college/school too. But to serve his/her own need, he/she is not serious in the classroom, as he/she is in the private tuition.

To stop this bad practice of coaching centre, the teachers should give more attention to take classes and they should be well paid. Government should employ qualified and efficient teachers. Above all, students should be more attentive to study rather than to be dependent on private tutors and suggestions. (Words : 310)

It is a general belief that children are punished because adults want to teach them something. The whole purpose of punishment in the case of children, is intended to change their behaviour. Adults generally do whatever it takes to get children to behave in an acceptable way. For this reason, adults often punish them physically through causing pain.

I think, physical punishment of children is an over-reaction and can never be justified. First of all, it is a very thin line between punishment and abuse of children. In many cases adults claim that they intend to reform their children end up abusing them. Sometimes children are treated like enemies.

Emotional scars are left on children who are disciplined with pain. Many criminals have turned out to be those who had been abused as children. They become immune pain for others. So physical punishment actually helps one to be a criminal. Since there is no way to control this we may follow other ways to punish the children. The caring parents can think of many ways of punishing a child without hurting their children. For example, children can be stopped from watching their favourite programmes on television or perhaps be grounded for fixed periods of time or stopped from playing etc.

Parents who really love their children will not want to cause them physical pain. School teachers have also become conscious of the adverse effect of physical punishment. They are using the techniques of motivation and encouragement. Parents have to change some of their beliefs and ideas about how children should be raised. It is possible to avoid the use of physical force in the home. It will help to remove violence from our society. So, my opinion is that adults can think of other methods of punishment in lieu of physical punishment. (Words : 302)

Every nation has its own culture and of course, we have a very rich culture. But it is a shocking fact that our culture is now under a great threat because of satellite channels. Satellite TV channels started its journey in Bangladesh at 1992. Before that BTV was the dominant medium for about 28 years and had the monopoly power. Undoubtedly, satellite channels are a great source of our enjoyment but our young generation is too much affected and influenced by those channels. Forgetting our own culture we are gradually becoming more prone to western culture. So, I think, satellite channels are now turning as a threat rather than mere a source of enjoyment.

In the present context of the world, culture of a country is not confined to a territorial barrier. For satellite channels one country’s people are getting used to another’s culture very easily. But this adaptation of other culture forgetting their own might be a disastrous factor for them because culture means the origin of a nation, of a country.

We, the Bangladeshis, have a rich culture. Historically our culture is indispensable in our everyday life. But it is a matter of sorrow that we are gradually losing our norms and customs. It is really a shameful matter. And this is because of the effect of foreign satellite channels. Our young generation enjoys foreign programs with great attraction ignoring our own cultural programs. Besides they are getting used to the foreign lifestyle also which is actually fake to our social norms and values.

Adopting another culture is not bad if we can value our own culture. But if we fail to preserve our own culture, it would bring an utter destruction to our social and economic life. So, satellite channels are a great threat to our own cultural values. (Words : 303)